Executive Summary
396
Total PYQ Questions
19
Chapters Covered
39
Exam Sessions
158
Repeated Questions
0
MCQs (0%)
356
SAQs (90%)
40
LAQs (10%)
12
High Priority Chapters
🔑 Key Findings
- Top 3 most-tested chapters: Cardiology, Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Diabetes.
- Most consistent chapter: Hepatology & Gastroenterology — appeared in 29/39 exam sessions.
- 158 repeated/near-duplicate questions found — these are guaranteed-marks material.
- Total marks weightage is highest in Cardiology (419 marks) — give it extra attention.
- 12 chapters are HIGH priority (≥10 Qs), 6 MEDIUM, 1 LOW.
Visual Analysis
Question Types Distribution
Top Chapters by Question Count
High (≥10 Qs)
Medium (5-9 Qs)
Low (<5 Qs)
Top Chapters by Total Marks Weightage
MCQ / SAQ / LAQ Breakdown — Top 10 Chapters
Year-wise / Session-wise Trend Analysis
39 exam sessions detected (each unique Paper Code = one exam session). Chapters appearing in more sessions are repeatedly tested year after year.
Chapter Consistency — Sessions Appeared In
Chapter Consistency Ranking
| # | Chapter | Sessions | Frequency | Consistency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hepatology & Gastroenterology | 29 / 39 | 74% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 2 | Cardiology | 28 / 39 | 72% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 3 | Endocrinology & Diabetes | 26 / 39 | 67% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 4 | Nephrology | 25 / 39 | 64% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 5 | Pulmonology & Critical Care | 25 / 39 | 64% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 6 | Infectious Diseases | 23 / 39 | 59% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 7 | Neurology | 21 / 39 | 54% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 8 | Rheumatology & Immunology | 20 / 39 | 51% | ALWAYS ASKED |
| 9 | Hematology | 18 / 39 | 46% | FREQUENT |
| 10 | Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders | 11 / 39 | 28% | FREQUENT |
| 11 | Genetics & Molecular Medicine | 9 / 39 | 23% | FREQUENT |
| 12 | Critical Care & Emergency Medicine | 9 / 39 | 23% | FREQUENT |
| 13 | Dermatology | 8 / 39 | 21% | FREQUENT |
| 14 | Oncology | 8 / 39 | 21% | FREQUENT |
| 15 | Psychiatry | 7 / 39 | 18% | FREQUENT |
| 16 | Basic Sciences (Anatomy/Physiology/Pharmacology) | 6 / 39 | 15% | FREQUENT |
| 17 | Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics | 6 / 39 | 15% | FREQUENT |
| 18 | Preventive Medicine & Vaccination | 4 / 39 | 10% | FREQUENT |
Session-wise Breakdown
| Session | Questions | Top Chapters |
|---|---|---|
| Exam 1 | 18 | Endocrinology & Diabetes (4), Neurology (3), Cardiology (3) |
| Exam 2 | 9 | Cardiology (2), Infectious Diseases (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2) |
| Exam 3 | 10 | Rheumatology & Immunology (2), Nephrology (1), Hematology (1) |
| Exam 4 | 9 | Cardiology (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2), Pulmonology & Critical Care (2) |
| Exam 5 | 10 | Endocrinology & Diabetes (2), Hematology (2), Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders (1) |
| Exam 6 | 18 | Infectious Diseases (4), Endocrinology & Diabetes (3), Cardiology (2) |
| Exam 7 | 8 | Pulmonology & Critical Care (2), Cardiology (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (1) |
| Exam 8 | 10 | Infectious Diseases (3), Rheumatology & Immunology (2), Endocrinology & Diabetes (2) |
| Exam 9 | 7 | Rheumatology & Immunology (2), Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics (1), Pulmonology & Critical Care (1) |
| Exam 10 | 18 | Basic Sciences (Anatomy/Physiology/Pharmacology) (3), Nephrology (3), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2) |
| Exam 11 | 9 | Cardiology (2), Infectious Diseases (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2) |
| Exam 12 | 10 | Rheumatology & Immunology (2), Nephrology (1), Hematology (1) |
| Exam 13 | 8 | Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics (2), Cardiology (2), Neurology (1) |
| Exam 14 | 7 | Neurology (1), Genetics & Molecular Medicine (1), Infectious Diseases (1) |
| Exam 15 | 10 | Nephrology (2), Endocrinology & Diabetes (1), Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics (1) |
| Exam 16 | 10 | Cardiology (1), Endocrinology & Diabetes (1), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (1) |
| Exam 17 | 10 | Nephrology (3), Endocrinology & Diabetes (1), Cardiology (1) |
| Exam 18 | 7 | Endocrinology & Diabetes (1), Genetics & Molecular Medicine (1), Cardiology (1) |
| Exam 19 | 9 | Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics (2), Cardiology (1), Hematology (1) |
| Exam 20 | 6 | Nephrology (1), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (1), Genetics & Molecular Medicine (1) |
| Exam 21 | 10 | Endocrinology & Diabetes (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2), Neurology (2) |
| Exam 22 | 10 | Neurology (2), Cardiology (1), Endocrinology & Diabetes (1) |
| Exam 23 | 12 | Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2), Rheumatology & Immunology (2), Cardiology (2) |
| Exam 24 | 10 | Cardiology (2), Infectious Diseases (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (1) |
| Exam 25 | 9 | Pulmonology & Critical Care (3), Cardiology (2), Neurology (2) |
| Exam 26 | 10 | Rheumatology & Immunology (3), Endocrinology & Diabetes (2), Infectious Diseases (2) |
| Exam 27 | 10 | Cardiology (2), Pulmonology & Critical Care (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2) |
| Exam 28 | 7 | Hematology (2), Basic Sciences (Anatomy/Physiology/Pharmacology) (1), Infectious Diseases (1) |
| Exam 29 | 10 | Endocrinology & Diabetes (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2), Neurology (2) |
| Exam 30 | 10 | Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2), Cardiology (1), Nephrology (1) |
| Exam 31 | 11 | Neurology (2), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (2), Endocrinology & Diabetes (2) |
| Exam 32 | 16 | Cardiology (2), Endocrinology & Diabetes (2), Neurology (2) |
| Exam 33 | 8 | Cardiology (2), Pulmonology & Critical Care (2), Neurology (2) |
| Exam 34 | 11 | Endocrinology & Diabetes (2), Hematology (2), Infectious Diseases (2) |
| Exam 35 | 10 | Oncology (3), Endocrinology & Diabetes (1), Hepatology & Gastroenterology (1) |
| Exam 36 | 8 | Infectious Diseases (2), Oncology (1), Critical Care & Emergency Medicine (1) |
| Exam 37 | 10 | Cardiology (2), Pulmonology & Critical Care (2), Neurology (2) |
| Exam 38 | 11 | Hematology (2), Rheumatology & Immunology (2), Psychiatry (2) |
| Exam 39 | 10 | Rheumatology & Immunology (2), Cardiology (1), Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders (1) |
Repeated & Near-Duplicate Questions
158 repeated/similar question pairs found across exam sessions. These topics are HIGH-YIELD — prepare them first.
🔁 High-Yield Keywords (appearing in 3+ sessions)
management 30disease 20syndrome 16failure 14therapy 14renal 14clinical 13pathophysiology 12approach 12acute 12heart 11patient 11treatment 11diagnosis 9diseases 9pathogenesis 8evaluation 8hypertension 8detail 7diabetes 7mellitus 7manifestations 7liver 7drugs 7stroke 7
Question Pairs (sorted by similarity)
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Preventive Medicine & Vaccination
Q9Adult vaccination.
Q205Adult vaccination.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Infectious Diseases
Q15What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Q85Write short notes on: Antibiotic Resistance.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Infectious Diseases
Q15What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Q349Antibiotic Resistance.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Infectious Diseases
Q85Write short notes on: Antibiotic Resistance.
Q349Antibiotic Resistance.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics
Q92Write note on stem cell therapy.
Q320Stem cell therapy.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Critical Care & Emergency Medicine
Q102Write short notes on: Heat Stroke.
Q206Heat stroke.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Critical Care & Emergency Medicine
Q102Write short notes on: Heat Stroke.
Q228Discuss briefly: Heat stroke.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Pulmonology & Critical Care
Q127Describe: Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and management of pneumonia.
Q136Describe: Etiology, Pathogenesis, clinical features and management of Pneumonia.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Nephrology
Q135Describe briefly: Renal Tubular Acidosis.
Q179Renal tubular acidosis.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Nephrology
Q135Describe briefly: Renal Tubular Acidosis.
Q189Renal tubular acidosis.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Nephrology
Q144Describe briefly: Renal tubular acidosis (repeat paper).
Q199Renal tubular acidosis (repeat paper).
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Pulmonology & Critical Care
Q150Short notes on: Asthma- COPD overlap Syndrome.
Q352Asthma COPD overlap syndrome.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Nephrology
Q179Renal tubular acidosis.
Q189Renal tubular acidosis.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Critical Care & Emergency Medicine
Q206Heat stroke.
Q228Discuss briefly: Heat stroke.
EXACT REPEAT Chapter: Pulmonology & Critical Care
Q299Pulmonary hypertension.
Q314Pulmonary hypertension.
NEAR DUPLICATE · 86% similar Chapter: Cardiology
Q118Describe in detail management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Q293Management of Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
NEAR DUPLICATE · 86% similar Chapter: Cardiology
Q154Define heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Discuss pathophysiology and management.
Q293Management of Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
NEAR DUPLICATE · 83% similar Chapter: Cardiology
Q152Write notes on: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Q293Management of Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
NEAR DUPLICATE · 80% similar Chapter: Cardiology
Q317Advances in management of heart failure.
Q333Recent advances in management of Heart-Failure.
NEAR DUPLICATE · 78% similar Chapter: Nephrology
Q190Interpretation of abnormal urinary sediments in acute kidney injury.
Q200Interpretation of abnormal urinary sediments in acute kidney injury (repeat paper).
Detailed Chapter-wise Analysis
| Chapter | Questions | MCQ | SAQ | LAQ | Marks | Sessions | Priority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiology | 44 | 0 | 39 | 5 | 419 | 28/39 | HIGH |
| Hepatology & Gastroenterology | 41 | 0 | 35 | 6 | 414 | 29/39 | HIGH |
| Endocrinology & Diabetes | 40 | 0 | 34 | 6 | 401 | 26/39 | HIGH |
| Infectious Diseases | 36 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 295 | 23/39 | HIGH |
| Nephrology | 36 | 0 | 31 | 5 | 369 | 25/39 | HIGH |
| Neurology | 34 | 0 | 29 | 5 | 300 | 21/39 | HIGH |
| Pulmonology & Critical Care | 33 | 0 | 28 | 5 | 332 | 25/39 | HIGH |
| Rheumatology & Immunology | 29 | 0 | 27 | 2 | 304 | 20/39 | HIGH |
| Hematology | 23 | 0 | 22 | 1 | 226 | 18/39 | HIGH |
| Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders | 11 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 125 | 11/39 | HIGH |
| Basic Sciences (Anatomy/Physiology/Pharmacology) | 10 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 63 | 6/39 | HIGH |
| Oncology | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 99 | 8/39 | HIGH |
| Genetics & Molecular Medicine | 9 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 102 | 9/39 | MEDIUM |
| Critical Care & Emergency Medicine | 9 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 85 | 9/39 | MEDIUM |
| Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 92 | 6/39 | MEDIUM |
| Dermatology | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 72 | 8/39 | MEDIUM |
| Psychiatry | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 70 | 7/39 | MEDIUM |
| Preventive Medicine & Vaccination | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 40 | 4/39 | MEDIUM |
| Geriatrics & Toxicology | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 20 | 2/39 | LOW |
HIGH ≥10 Questions — Must prepare thoroughly
MEDIUM 5-9 Questions — Important for scoring
LOW <5 Questions — Cover if time permits
Important Topics per Chapter
Topics extracted from PYQ patterns, grouped by priority tier.
🔴 High Priority Chapters
Cardiology
- New wall motion abnormality with stress indicates significant coronary stenosis
- Stress Echocardiography
- Short note on Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
- FFR-guided PCI reduces unnecessary stenting of non-flow-limiting lesions
- FFR measures pressure gradient across a coronary stenosis during maximal hyperemia
Hepatology & Gastroenterology
- Gilbert's syndrome is the commonest, benign, and due to reduced UGT1A1 activity precipitated by fast
- Bilirubin from heme breakdown is conjugated by UGT1A1 in the liver and excreted in bile
- Discuss metabolism of Bilirubin and discuss congenital hyperbilirubinemias in detail
- HVPG is the gold standard for assessing risk of variceal bleeding and decompensation in cirrhosis
- HVPG is the difference between wedged and free hepatic venous pressure, used to assess portal hypert
Endocrinology & Diabetes
- A 2-hour value >=200 mg/dL confirms diabetes per WHO/ADA criteria
- Significance of Glucose Tolerance Test
- Analog insulins allow more physiological basal-bolus regimens with reduced hypoglycemia risk compare
- Write a note on Recombinant Human Insulins
- Chronic stress or exogenous steroid use can suppress the HPA axis, causing adrenal insufficiency on
Infectious Diseases
- Bivalent/updated mRNA vaccines target circulating variant spike proteins
- SARS-CoV-2 variants (Omicron sublineages) show increased transmissibility with immune evasion
- Corona Virus -- What's new?
- Overuse and misuse of antibiotics drives selection pressure for resistant strains, a major global he
- What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Nephrology
- Rapid correction (>8-10 mEq/L/24h) risks central pontine myelinolysis, especially in chronic hyponat
- Short note on Hyponatremia
- RBC casts indicate glomerulonephritis while WBC casts suggest pyelonephritis
- Significance of Urine Examination
- These biomarkers allow earlier detection of AKI before a rise in serum creatinine is apparent
Neurology
- Impaired glymphatic clearance of amyloid-beta is implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
- DBS improves motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease refractory to medical therapy
- Deep Brain stimulation
- Prompt escalation to continuous infusion anesthetics is needed to prevent neuronal injury from ongoi
- Refractory Status Epilepticus
Pulmonology & Critical Care
- Discuss in detail various Respiratory Function Tests
- Type 2 respiratory failure classically occurs in COPD and neuromuscular disease due to alveolar hypo
- Ventilation is controlled by medullary respiratory centers responding to chemoreceptor input (PaCO2,
- Describe control of ventilation
- Lung-protective ventilation with low tidal volumes (6mL/kg) improves survival in ARDS
Rheumatology & Immunology
- HLA associations underlie susceptibility to autoimmune diseases e
- MHC (HLA in humans) molecules present antigenic peptides to T cells
- Note on Major Histocompatibility Complex
- ANCA associated vasculitis
- Anaphylaxis is a classic Type I reaction, while contact dermatitis is a Type IV reaction
Hematology
- It distinguishes lineage (myeloid vs lymphoid) and clonality, crucial in acute leukemia workup
- Note on flow cytometery in haematology
- Findings like schistocytes suggest microangiopathic hemolysis, while blasts suggest acute leukemia
- Low MCV with high RDW favors iron deficiency, while low MCV with normal RDW favors thalassemia trait
- RBC indices and its interpretation
Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders
- Wet beriberi presents with high-output cardiac failure reversible with thiamine replacement
- Cardiovascular manifestations of nutritional disorders
- Bisphosphonates reduce fracture risk by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
- Write short notes on: Ostoporosis management
- Bisphosphonates are first-line pharmacotherapy due to proven fracture risk reduction
Basic Sciences (Anatomy/Physiology/Pharmacology)
- Obstruction to CSF flow or absorption causes hydrocephalus
- Dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid
- MAP >65 mmHg is generally targeted to maintain adequate organ perfusion in shock states
- MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP), representing average arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle and driving
- Mean arterial Pressure
Oncology
- Prophylaxis with hydration, rasburicase/allopurinol prevents uric acid nephropathy in high-risk pati
- Tumour-lysis syndrome
- Anti-VEGF agents inhibit tumor angiogenesis, restricting tumor growth and metastasis
- Angiogenesis is new blood vessel formation from existing vasculature, driven by VEGF and other growt
- Discuss briefly: Angiogenesis
🟠 Medium Priority Chapters
Genetics & Molecular Medicine
- Gene therapy has shown success in hemophilia, spinal muscular atrophy, and certain inherited retinal
- CFTR modulator therapy has transformed cystic fibrosis outcomes for patients with amenable mutations
- CFTR related diseases
- Anticipation (earlier onset in successive generations) is characteristic of trinucleotide repeat dis
- Spinocerebellar ataxias are mostly autosomal dominant, caused by CAG trinucleotide repeat expansions
Critical Care & Emergency Medicine
- Shock is classified as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic), an
- Classification of shock
- Rapid evaporative/ice-water cooling to below 39°C within 30 minutes improves survival
- Heat stroke is core temperature >40°C with CNS dysfunction due to failure of thermoregulation
- Write short notes on: Heat Stroke
Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics
- Stem cell-seeded scaffolds are an active area of research for regenerating complex tissues like hear
- Write short notes on: Tissue engineering
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the standard curative option for many high-ris
- Write note on stem cell therapy
- Graft-versus-host disease is a major complication of allogeneic transplantation requiring immunosupp
Dermatology
- Discuss briefly: Clinical presentation of cutaneous drug reaction
- Chronic urticaria (>6 weeks) often requires higher-dose antihistamines or omalizumab if refractory
- SJS-TEN spectrum severity is defined by percentage body surface area of skin detachment (SJS <10%, T
- Discuss briefly: Steven Johnson syndrome
- Rapid identification and withdrawal of the causative drug is the single most important intervention
Psychiatry
- Suicide risk assessment is essential in every patient presenting with depressive symptoms
- Major depressive disorder
- Lithium reduces suicide risk in bipolar disorder in addition to its mood-stabilizing effect
- Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania/hypomania alternating with depression
- Organic causes (metabolic, infectious, drug-induced) must be excluded before diagnosing a primary ps
Preventive Medicine & Vaccination
- Combined HBIG and vaccine at birth is highly effective in preventing perinatal transmission from HBs
- Prophylaxis for hepatits B
- Immunocompromised and elderly adults require special attention to pneumococcal and zoster vaccinatio
- Special immunization schedules apply to immunocompromised and elderly patients
🟢 Low Priority Chapters
Geriatrics & Toxicology
- Frailty assessment helps guide individualized management in elderly patients beyond chronological ag
- Polypharmacy in elderly patients increases risk of drug interactions, adverse effects, and falls
- Polypharmacy in Geriatric population
Exam Strategy & Study Plan
🔴 Phase 1 — Core
12 chapters · ~65% of questions
Cardiology, Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Infectious Diseases, Nephrology, Neurology, Pulmonology & Critical Care, Rheumatology & Immunology, Hematology, Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders, Basic Sciences (Anatomy/Physiology/Pharmacology), Oncology
🟠 Phase 2 — Build
6 chapters · scoring boost
Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Critical Care & Emergency Medicine, Miscellaneous / Newer Therapeutics, Dermatology, Psychiatry, Preventive Medicine & Vaccination
🟢 Phase 3 — Complete
1 chapters · full coverage
Geriatrics & Toxicology
🔁 Final Revision
Repeated questions first
Solve all 158 repeated/near-duplicate pairs, then complete PYQs under timed conditions.
⚡ Quick Tips for Medicine Exam
- START with the 158 repeated/near-duplicate questions — guaranteed exam material.
- Most consistent chapter: Hepatology & Gastroenterology (29/39 sessions) — never skip it.
- For MCQs (0 total) — memorize definitions, classifications, one-liners.
- For SAQs — structure: Definition → Mechanism/Steps → Clinical Significance.
- For LAQs — prepare full diagram-based answers for top-marks chapters.
- Cardiology has the highest cumulative marks (419) — give it extra time.
- Revise all PYQs under timed conditions at least once before the exam.